ABSTRACT
This article sums up the possible impact of honey in the amelioration of COVID-19 induced recognized pathogenesis. The pandemic due to the current outbreak of COVID-19 infected thousands of individuals round the globe. The indicator of COVID-19 infection suggests that increased inflammation, oxidation, and an overstressed immune reaction are key contributor of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This overstressed immune response leads to numerous cytokine production and consequently and led to the development of severe injury in lungs (ALI)/acute respiratory distress disorder and in some conditions becomes reason of death. Honey is formed when honey bees collect nectar from various, and then process it to form the honey. It is a natural remedy to reduce the incidence of various diseases, due to its potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, immune booster, antiviral, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, cardiovascular, neurological and gastrointestinal diseases and anti-metastatic properties. Honey has been used for the curing of bronchial asthma, throat infections, tuberculosis, thirst, hiccups, fatigue, and hepatitis and also for the ALI/ARDS treatment caused by virus or any other pathogen. Doctors recommend honey as a nutritional supplement to boost the immunity of patients under critical conditions, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, viral infections that confirm that honey may be used to combat the infection and other complications caused by COVID-19 pandemic. There are many reports which reveal that honey may be used in bacterial and viral infections such as COVID-19, however, further experimental studies are required to validate these speculations.
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:The latest scientific reports showed that there is a relationship between the state of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system, and the incidence of COVID-19. Diet can exert an immunomodulatory effect and regulate the immune response of an organism. The aim of the review is to show the effects of immunomodulators contained/supplemented in a diet on the infection SARS-CoV-2 and the course of COVID-19. Review methods:The literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and the Medline database. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge:Regular vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces the risk of respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2;vitamin C may inhibit the expression of the ACE2 receptor in human small alveolar epithelial cells and limit the penetration of SARS-CoV-2;reduced iron levels predispose people to severe COVID-19 symptoms;selenium deficiency may be responsible for a decreased level of antibodies and NK cell cytotoxicity. Alo.. vera isolated polysaccharides strengthens the immune system;the quercetin and ellagic acid in combination with virus proteins show potential antiviral activity against SARSCoV- 2. Subsequently, adaptogens, ginger, echinacea and curcumin - showed anti-inflammatory effects. Also, the optimal composition of the gut microbiota improved/maintained the integrity of the lymphoid tissue found in the gastrointestinal tract (GALT) and the functioning of the gut-pulmonary axis. Summary:Natural immunomodulators may be a relatively safe therapeutic option in patients during the course of COVID-19, but there are still no official recommendations for their practical use in therapy. It should be emphasized that there is a need for further scientific research into the mechanisms of action and efficacy of phytotherapy in the context of the effectiveness of plant-based immunostimulants in alleviating the course of COVID-19 disease.
ABSTRACT
Vaccinating children against Covid raised a debate, due to generally mild clinical presentation. The decision to vaccinate teenagers was motivated by the global public health need: to decrease transmission to other age groups. Among adolescents, the efficacy (better immunity than in young adults) and safety of vaccines was clearly demonstrated. Among 5-to-12-year-olds, due to lower contamination the collective benefit is less clear, and when the m-RNA vaccines were available for this age group, the Omicron variant was predominant and their effect on non-severe infections and transmission had yet to be determined. Individual benefit is based both on somatic criteria and on the child's schooling and mental health. Children under 5 years of age received a 3 micro g dose of vaccine, which is one tenth of the adult dose, resulting in immunogenicity similar to that of 16-to-25-year-olds.
ABSTRACT
This study provides a simple, widely available deterrence medication to minimize COVID-19 infection using by tea and coffee infusions. By mixing white with an equal amount of water, add a small amount of tea/coffee infusion. Dull brownish albumen-tannin complex, a soft precipitate is formed and sinks to the bottom. The infusion should reach the furthest points in the respiratory tract so that a maximum number of viral particles are trapped. It is necessary to hold the infusion rolling about for a little while, 20 seconds in the mouth before swallowing. Gargling with the infusion is better. Tannins in tea or coffee infusions will form complexes with the 4-5 types of viral surface proteins [spikes], rendering them ineffective. Protein-tannin astringent complexation is a fundamental chemical reaction and is bound to act, unlike specific antimetabolites or enzyme-mediated actions of antibiotics. In fact, tannins react to some extent with the cell lining of the mucous membranes of the mouth and stomach. Tannins also chelate iron [Fe] and other metal ions required for many of the metabolic reactions of micro-organisms [viruses?], depriving them of these nutrients and further retarding their propagation. Two gargles per day, 12 hours apart, are recommended to disable the virus and eventually kill it. The procedure disables free viruses before tissue invasion. Therefore, the earlier the gargle commences, the better. Suspected contacts should preferably have three daily eight-hourly gargles. Astringent activity is an added activity of tea and coffee, demonstrated in this study [using E. coli and Salmonella] to that of immune boosting action generally spoken about.
ABSTRACT
Lutein and astaxanthin belong to carotenoids which have wide applications in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The total chemical syntheses of lutein and astaxanthin produces a mixture of stereoisomers. Both carotenoids are extracted from the plant material as the mixture of mono- and diesters. Lutein is extracted from marigold and tagetes flowers. Lutein supplementation increases its concentration in blood serum and in the macula of the eye. There is increasing evidence that lutein is important in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and may improve eye health. Astaxanthin is extracted from the Haematococcus pluvialis algae. Due to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, they can be used to support the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, eye diseases, and to supplement the diet of COVID-19 patients.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The world has been suffering from the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic since December 2019. To date there is no specific treatment for such a deadly disease, but there are some plants with different phytochemical components that help the body to combat and reduce the sequelae along with the other treatments.
ABSTRACT
Today, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, when there are no clear therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment, attention should be paid to alternative treatments, which may include the use of bacteriotherapeutic drugs based on probiotic microorganisms, i.e. representatives of the host normobiota. Experimental data show that changes in immune balance in patients with SARS-CoV-2 may be mediated by corresponding changes in the host intestinal microbiota. This statement is especially significant for the elderly, whose intestinal biota is less diverse. Especially the number of useful representative's decreases, which leads to greater sensitivity of the older generation to SARS-CoV-2. The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota may be a potential biological mechanism responsible for the diversity of susceptibility of different groups of people to SARS-CoV-2. A bidirectional connection along the intestinelung axis due to soluble microbial metabolites transported by the bloodstream is shown. The intestinal microbiota produces many diffusing metabolites with immunomodulatory properties. Given the potential beneficial effects of bacteriotherapeutic drugs and functional foods enriched with probiotic microbiota during respiratory viral infection, their use as therapeutic agents during SARS-CoV-2 infection can be considered. Since the microbiota can be maintained using adequate, safe, and relatively inexpensive bacteriotherapeutic drugs (pro-, pre-, para-, post-, synbiotics, immunobiotics, functional foods enriched with probiotic microorganisms, etc.), their use should be considered as adjunctive therapy to limit SARS-CoV-2 progression in infected patients or as a prophylactic strategy for uninfected people at risk during the expansion of SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to devastate the world's health and economy, affecting all aspects of life leading to widespread social disruption. Even as several vaccines have been developed, their availability in developing countries is limited and their efficacy against the variants of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) needs to be continuously assessed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged that vaccines alone will not overcome the global challenges of COVID-19. Medicinal plants may provide the needed support. Herein, we identify Philippine medicinal plants that possess phytochemicals with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and/or immunomodulatory properties that may strengthen one's immune system against COVID-19. These plants were selected from 100 of the best-studied Philippine medicinal plants with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. The general antiviral and specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities and immunomodulatory properties of the phytochemicals that these plants contained were searched. While many compounds assessed individually using in vitro and in silico techniques suggest potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 or immunomodulatory effects, this review sought to identify the medicinal plants which contain these compounds and which, based on literature, have the best potential application against COVID-19. These plants are Allium spp. bulbs (bawang), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees leaves (sinta), Cocos nucifera L. oil (niyog), Euphorbia hirta L. leaves (tawa-tawa), Euphorbia neriifolia L. leaves (sorosoro), Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves (malunggay), Ocimum basilicum L. leaves (balanoy), Piper nigrum L. seeds (paminta), Vitex negundo L. leaves (lagundi), and Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome (luya). This review provides a shortlist that can guide research on possible solutions to COVID-19 using Philippine medicinal plants.
ABSTRACT
For thousands of years, plant based herbal medicines have been utilized by millions of people all over the world. Plant materials or products are used in different folk/traditional medical systems, such as the Chinese, African and Indian medical systems, like Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathy. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Menispermaceae. It is a big deciduous, climbing shrub growing prevalently in the tropical part of Indian subcontinent regions such as India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Srilanka, and in Myanmar, and China. Guduchi, Giloy, Shindilkodi, and Amritha are all the common names for this plant. Extracts from different parts of this herbal plant have been used to treat many diseases. In Ayurvedic medicine, extract from this plant is used for preparing "rasayanas", which is known to cure diabetes, skin diseases, allergic conditions, jaundice, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, poisoning, and microbial infections. T. cordifolia has a many bioactive phytochemicals that have been isolated from its aerial parts and roots. Many bioactive principles have been reported from this plant which belong to various classes like alkaloids, aliphatic compounds, diterpenoid lactones, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, sesquiterpenoids, lignans, steroids and polysaccharides. T. cordifolia possesses medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antiallergic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidote, antitumor, antileprotic, antispasmodic, and antidiabetic properties. The present review will provide a comprehensive therapeutic potential of T. cordifolia.
ABSTRACT
Background: Up to date drug-based treatments for COVID-19 have not been approved. The most effective way to face this public health problem is prevention with adequate nutrition, hygiene, and protection measures. Food has historically been used by people to improve their nutrition and complement the treatment or prevention of diseases. The various bioactive compounds of some foods are known, which in experimental studies demonstrated their antiviral and immunomodulatory action.
ABSTRACT
An unfortunate emergence of a new virus SARS-CoV-2, causing a disease known as COVID-19, has spread all around the globe and has caused a pandemic. It primarily affects the respiratory tract and lungs in some cases causing severe organ damage and pneumonia due to overwhelming immune responses. Clinical reports show that the most commons symptoms are fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, along with several other symptoms. It is thought that an immense cytokine dysregulation in COVID-19 patients is caused following the virus infection. Notably, if patients present with pre-existing specific comorbidities like diabetes or high blood pressure, rates of COVID-19 induced complications and deaths are escalated. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to alleviate pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) symptoms, through their immunomodulatory activities in COVID-19 patients. Although more research studies and clinical trial results are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism by which MSCs provide relief to COVID-19 infected patients. Results from clinical trials are encouraging as patients treated with MSCs, regain lung functions and have restored levels of cytokines and trophic factors underscoring the fact that stem cell therapy can be, at least, a complementary therapy to alleviate sufferings in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the possible therapeutic uses of MSCs for treating COVID-19. Graphical Abstract.